Network Support

This section provides an introduction to IT Troubleshooting considered from a small business perspective.

A short tutorial like this is not near enough to be very useful in real business situations. That being said, hopefully you can abstract some value by seeing a pattern of working from the outside in or from the output back to the input. Any methodical approach is likely to reveal the problem if you don't make assumptions like "its plugged in" or "set to the right channel". These are killers. You don't always have to go look at the wall plug but you had better check the front panel power light. And for those devices without lights? You guessed it.



In order to optimize the damage assessment, a binary search can help. This method tries to bisect the problem and check each half then repeating with each part. This works if the problem can be determined to be before or after the point of inspection.

Suppose there are 10 parts and the seventh one is faulty. Naturally you would have to check seven parts before finding the fault. With a binary search pattern you check part five first. If you can determine that the problem is after 5 then the next guess would be 8. Why? Take the remaining parts 6-10 divide that in half and pick the middle. The final test would be 7. This cuts the search time from 7 to 3.

The problem with this method is the rigor required to preanalyze the sequence of inspections to determine the order. This is where trouble shooting manuals could be of service but rarely are. They often begin with the most common problems and move to the more obscure. While this helps with the common problems it often leaves you hanging with the more unusual ones.

The diagnostic on this page asks questions. You check the box if you can answer in the affirmative or have acknowledged the answer or performed the indicated processing steps.

Each checked step is marked grey to indicate your progress along the path. You can click a step twice to mark it as not relevant.

Q: Does any of your business IT appear to not be working?
Q: Does part of your Computer Network appear to not be working?
Q: Does your web Browser not Connect to the Internet?
Q: Does the modem have any lights lit on it?
Q: Does your company use DSL to connect to the Internet?
Q: Are there 3 lights lit on the DSL modem?
Q: Is the modem connected to a router?
Q: Is the router connected to or have a built in access point?
Q: Is there a wireless icon on the system tray?
Q: Is the icon filled blue?



Q: Does you network connect with a cable modem?
Q: Is the LAN light off?
A: Check the cable from the computer or router which ever is first

Q: Is the wan light off?
A: Call the cable company and have them test the line.


Q: Does your network connect to the internet with a broadband wireless modem?
Q: Do you use dial up to connect to the internet?

Q: Is the Modem Plugged into an AC Source?
A: Some modems have a power switch. Check that.
Q: Are you sure the souce has no power?
A: Call the modem provider and have new modem shipped to your location.

A: Try plugging a lamp or other simple device into the outlet to verify that it is hot.

A: Plug modem in to AC source.

Q: Do applications not connect to shared folders?
Q: Do any computers in the subnet have the same network name?
A: Open My Computer Properties
A: Click Change Name
A: Make name unambigous

Q: Do any of the computers have a different workgroup name?
A: Open My Computer Properties on computer with different name
A: Click Change Name
A: Make workgroup name same as others.


Q: Can you not access a shared printer from another computer?
A: Enable Print Sharing
A: Remove NetBui
A: Printer sharing Advanced enable ICMP incoming echo request
A: Remove IPX protocol
Q: Is windows firewall disabled?
A: Enable windows firewall.
Q: Is printer sharing enabled as exception?
Q: Does antivirus have firewall enabled such as norton worm blocker or security monitor?
A: These must be disabled.



Q: Does your firewall not allow subnet activities?
A: Enable trusted computers access to your subnet.


Q: Are you not receiving expected email?
Q: Can you not access your webmail?

Q: Can administrators not remote connect to your computer?
Q: Does your router not have a static IP?
Q: Is DynDNS Loaded?
A: Create account at www.dyndns.com
P: Add domain Record domain name and admin user and password in safe place. Add domain as sts.dyndns.org
A: Log domain for OSS

A: Download dyndns updater
A: Configure updater Configure as server then update immediately



Q: Is port forwarding not enabled on your router?
Q: Linksys Router?
A: Log into router. Linksys routers do not have user just password like car.
A: Go to Applications and Gaming
P: Set Application to ssh
P: Set Start to 22
P: Set End to 22
P: Set Protocal to TCP
P: Set IP to ip of local host to be monitored
A: Since this port does not change it is better if host has static not dhcp ip



Q: Is SSHD not loaded?
Q: Is windows not configured for cygwin?
A: Set a Password on an admin user
A: Set the following environment variables
P: CYGWIN=ntsec
P: Add to path ;c\cygwin\bin


Q: Is Cygwin not running? Note: Only one host on lan need have sshd running?
A: Download cygwin Store in \cygwin. Keep files in downloads
A: Enable net openssh
P: Click binary



Q: Is sshd not running?
A: ssh-host-config
P: yes yes yes ntsec
Q: First start?
P: cygrunsrv -E sshd (to Stop running sshd server)
P: cygrunsrv -R sshd (to Remove server configuration)

A: Install sshd
P: cygrunsrv -I sshd -p /usr/bin/sshd -f "SSH Demon" -y tcpip -y vsmon # with zone alarm.
P: cygrunsrv --start sshd
A: Start sshd server
A: test ssh
P: who am i
P: ssh localhost
P: yes
P: ls -h /cygdrive/c
A: Check result If you see directory then install is ok


Q: Is public key exchange not enabled?
A: This Precludes need for passwords with exchange of rsa keys
A: On Remote host system
P: Type ssh-keygen -t rsa (to Generate public key)
P: cd .ssh
A: securely copy keys
P: scp id_rsa.pub Compaq_Owner@stsbms.dyndns.org:~/.ssh/newkey

A: On Master system
P: cat newkey >>authorized_keys
P: rm newkey
P: chmod 666 authorized_keys


Q: Is secure Shell not started?
P: ssh -I -L 5900::5900
A: For example
P: ssh -l Compaq_Owner Bruce -L 5900:127.0.0.1:5900 Note replace local host number with sshd host number if multiple remote machines

Q: Is VNC not loaded on master and remote computers?
A: Download VNC
A: On Remote host system
A: Run VNC Server (Fast)
A: If only 1 computer at remote site then enable loopback if multiple computers then only enable loopback on machine with sshd server.
A: Check accept socket connections
A: Check the following;
P: Auto, Do Nothing, Poll Foreground Window, Poll Console Window Only, Remove Desktop Wallpaper on client connections
A: Check Ok

A: On Master system
A: Run VNC Viewer
A: Connect to 127.0.0.1
A: VNC Remotes password





Q: Does your computer appear to not be working?
Q: Do you not hear a fan noise coming from the computer?
Q: Is the computer plugged into a UPS?
Q: Is the UPS light off?
Q: Is the UPS not plugged in?
A: Plug it in to a wall receptical.
A: Try to avoid using extension cords

A: plug the computer and other essentials directly into a wall outlet.
A: If computer works then replace UPS or its battery.


Q: Is Utility company AC not available?
A: Too much load on UPS. remove non essential devices or replace UPS with higher power rating.


Q: Is there no picture on the Display Monitor?
Q: Is the monitor power light not on?
Q: Have you cycled the power button?
Q: Is the monitor not plugged in?
A:Plug it in.




Q: Does it periodically say No Signal?
Q: Is the Signal cable not screwed to the back of the computer?
A: Before tightening, Inspect to see that all pins are nearly same length and not bent or broken.


Q: Is picture distorted?
A: Use on screen menu or monitor buttons to fix shape of picture.
A: Change to lower resolution to see if picture improves.
A: If it cannot be corrected then order new monitor.

Q: Does the mousepointer not respond to mouse movements?
Q: Is it an optical mouse
Q: Is it a wireless Mouse
A: Try changing the batteries.

A: Verify that mouse is plugged in.
A: Power down computer, then wait 10 seconds before powering it up again.
A: Replace mouse





Q: Does the start not button allow the activation of programs?
Q: Windows XP?
Use Task manager to kill explorer.exe
A: If it does not restart use run command to start explorer.exe


Q: If not Windows XP then restart operating system.

Q: Does one of the installed applications not work?
Q: Is it Email?
Q: Is it Outlook?
Q: Can you no longer neither send nor receive?
Q: Have you not recorded settings?
A: Record settings for later use
In Outlook select Tools->Account Settings
Select account
Click change
Record all info on this page
Click more Settings...
Select Outgoing Server Tab
Record all info on this page
Select Advanced tab
Record all info on this page


A: Remove Account
In Outlook select Tools->Account Settings
Select account
Click Remove

A: Recreate Account
In Outlook select Tools->Account Settings
Click New...
Fill in from info recorded earlier


Q: Can you receive but not send email
A: Enable Authentication
In Outlook select Tools->Account Settings
Select account
Click change
Click more Settings...
Select Outgoing Server Tab
Check My outgoing server (SMTP) requires authentication
Select Use same settings as my incoming mail server
click OK
Click Test Account Settings...

A: Change SNMP ports
In Outlook select Tools->Account Settings
Select account
Click change
Click more Settings...
Select Advanced Tab
Check This server requires and encrypted connection(SSL)
Set Outgoing Server (SMTP) to 587
Set Use the following type of encrypted connection to TLS
Click OK
Click Test Account Settings...

A: Workaround Outlook domain bug
Q: Is mail server ip address unknown?
A: Ping it
Load command prompt and type
ping mail.yourdomain.com
record IP address


In Outlook select Tools->Account Settings
Select account
Click change
Change Outgoing mail server (SMTP) to IP address
Uncheck Remember password until prompted later.
Click Test Account Settings...


Q: Can you no longer receive email
A: Set to receive using authentication
In Outlook select Tools->Account Settings
Select account
Click change
Click more Settings...
Select Advanced Tab
Check This server requires an encrypted connection SSL
Set Incoming server (POP3) to 995
Click OK
Click Test Account Settings...





Q: Does your printer appear to not be working?
Q: Is the printer on light not lit?
Q: Is the printer not plugged in to a wall outlet?
A: Plug it in.

Q: Is the printer not turned on?
A: Turn it on.


Q: Does the printer not have paper?

Q: Is your Scanner not working?
Q:Does it have a USB Cable?
Q: Is USB port not connected to computer but to a USB hub?
Q: Has the printer Software not been installed
A: Install printer software

A: Plug it in.


Q: Is power not connected?
Q: Does selftest not work?
Q: Does a Scanner Application not work?

Q: Is your Phone system not working?
Q: Is there not dial tone at the POP?
A: Call Telco Service for repair.

Q: Is there no dial tone at the Computer?
A: Check lines to POP.

Q: Is phone line not plugged into line jack on the dial up modem?
Q: Does modem not indicate call progress?
Q: Is modem configured to indicate call progress?
A: Replace Modem


Q: Is phone number not correct?
Q: Are login id and password correct?

Q: Is your FAX machine not working
Q: Is your copier not working
Q: Does it sound as if it does not have power?
Q: Is it turned on?



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